rocco69

The bank can file a civil case here in the Phils. to collect your unpaid debts (although I doubt it, given the uncertainty of collecting on the same - they have to be sure you have properties here in the Phils.).

However, civil cases are not reported to the NBI, hence it will not be reflected on your NBI clearance.

I would like to thank the "Legal Minds" of MTC for doing a great job.

You're helping a lot of people with this thread.

 

Dear Sirs/Madams:

I am an OFW, in the Middle East. The recession affected our company, and my manager hinted to me

that I will be one of those to be sent home. I did not wait for them to fire me. I bought a plane ticket and

flew home.

 

The question is: I left an unpaid loan from a bank and 2 unpaid credit cards, can they sue and ran after me

here in our country?

If ever a civil case is filed against me, (I heard civil cases are filed against those who ran away from

credit cards and debts) will it be reflected on my record in NBI?

And as a consequence will not be issued a clearance?

Because I'm looking for a local job right now, and in need of an NBI clearance.

 

Thanks in advance for the reply

Revised Penal Code:

Art. 334. Concubinage. — Any husband who shall keep a mistress in the conjugal dwelling, or shall have sexual intercourse, under scandalous circumstances, with a woman who is not his wife, or shall cohabit with her in any other place, shall be punished by prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods [6 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months].

The concubine shall suffer the penalty of destierro.

Art. 344. Prosecution of the crimes of adultery, concubinage, seduction, abduction, rape and acts of lasciviousness. — The crimes of adultery and concubinage shall not be prosecuted except upon a complaint filed by the offended spouse.

The offended party cannot institute criminal prosecution without including both the guilty parties, if they are both alive, nor, in any case, if he shall have consented or pardoned the offenders.

thank you sir! additional question in relation sa item 2, what will happen kung kasuhan ako ng concubinage? gf ko pa lang sya pero live-in na kami.

1. tama b yung inadvice ko sa kanya o talagang makukulong o may case/s talaga na maifa-file against sa kanya?

tama yung advice mo.

2. tama b na all he has to pay is the remaining amount nong loan nya, and disregard na yung mga pinagsasabi nong nasa letter na pinapadala sa kanya?

not really. sigurado kasi na may provision dun sa bank loan providing for interest and penalty charges. dahil nagtagal na na hindi siya nagbabayad, sigurado na lumobo na yung utang niya. in other words, di na lang 50k yung utang niya, mas malaki na yun ngayon. pero, dahil ipinasa na sa collection agency yang utang na yan, ibig sabihin considered as "bad debt" na yan (bad debt - utang na mas malamang sa hindi ay di na mababayaran) ng bangko, kaya may posibilidad na mai-negotiate niya to a lower amount yung pagkakautang niya (mas mabuti na may makolekta sila kesa naman wala). he should try talking to the collection agency to negotiate a lower amount than the 195k they are demanding. remember - ang utang ay dapat bayaran.

mga sirs, gud day.

 

my story is this, a colleague of mine had a bank loan amounting to P75k about 4 years ago. monthly payment is made through our salary deduction since parang nakatie-up yung bank with our company. then nag-resign cya leaving about P50k don sa utang nya. now he is telling us palagi na lang daw cya nakaka-receive ng letters from law firms demanding him to pay P195k (!) or else civil and criminal cases will be filed against him.

 

the last straw was last week when he received a text message, telling him to proceed to this or that court, and that he will be accompaniied by this and that PO1 or PO2 para ma-file ang case nya.

 

my advise to him was that treat the whole text message as a big BS, since wala naman talagang nakukulong sa pagkakautang. all he has to do is find way to pay or negotiate with that bank para mababayaran nya in full yung P50k na utang nya since may monthly income na namn cya ngaun.

 

questions ko therefore:

1. tama b yung inadvice ko sa kanya o talagang makukulong o may case/s talaga na maifa-file against sa kanya?

 

2. tama b na all he has to pay is the remaining amount nong loan nya, and disregard na yung mga pinagsasabi nong nasa letter na pinapadala sa kanya?

 

maraming salamat po at sana ay may sasagot sa mga katanungan ko.

ang problema kasi dyan, dahil naka-file na sa korte, yung judge talaga ang magdedesisyon diyan kung ididismos yan o hindi. ifollow-up na lang niya sa PAO at baka sakali na madismis na yan sa sunod na hearing. kulitan na lang yan sa PAO

parang ganun nga ang ngyari sir... pero ung affidavit of desistance ay ginawa at sinumpa sa isa sa mga fiscal doon and nka file sa office nila, kasi during that time naka leave ung fiscal na may hawak ng kaso... pgkatapos nun ay pinatawag pa nung fiscal incharge ung complainant para makita nya personally with proper identification para matapos na nga daw at aaktuhan na idismis pag nakita ung complainant personally.. nung mgpunta doon ang complainant ay ng iba ang ihip ng hangin at inadvice pa ng fiscal ang complainant na ituloy ang kaso... pero ayaw na ng complainant and sa huling balita namin ay nasa abroad na daw cya ngayon so there is no way na makakaharap pa siya sa judge.. and parang ginagawan nlang ng paraan para tumagal kasi ang sabi ng judge noong unang hearing, kung hindi aattend ang complainant sa 3 consecutive hearing ay dismiss na ang kaso... naka 5 na hearing na and may naka set pa na isa next month... hindi naman makausap ng maayos ung public attorney laging sinasabi ay last na hearing na.. pero laging may kasunod pa.... kailangan na bang kumuha ng private lawyer sir? o hintayin pa ung last na hearing kung meron pa...

technically kasi, ang pwede lang maayos sa ganitong cases ay ang civil aspect (yung pinsala na natamo ng pamilya ng biktima). ang criminal aspect ay hindi naaareglo (dahil ang complainant dun ay ang pamahalaan, kaya nga "People of the Phils. versus" ang pamagat ng kaso).

kaya, pag naareglo na ang complainant, usually nadidismiss ang kaso dahil wala nang tetestigo para sa piskalya (hindi daw dahil naareglo na kundi dahil walang testigo na magpapatunay sa kaso - although alam naman ng lahat na kaya dinidismis ay dahil naareglo na nga).

kaya lang, kapag may affidavit of desistance, kailangang humarap ang gumawa ng affidavit of desistance sa korte upang dun patotohanan yung kanyang ginawang sinumpaang salaysay na inaatras na niya yung kaso. pwede kasing mangyari na peke yung pirma sa affidavit, o di kaya'y tinakot lang o niloko ang complainant para pumirma. pero kapag sa hearing ng kaso, ang complainant ay humarap sa korte at pinatotohanan ang kanyang affidavit, at sasabihin niyang naiintindihan niya ang epekto ng affidavit na ito (na madidismis ang kaso) walang kaduda-duda na ginawa nga niya ito ng kusang-loob.

baka naman kasi naareglo lang yung complainant, pumirma sa affidavit of desistance, pero di ito nagpakita sa fiscal at sa judge upang patunayan yung affidavit niya. kapag ganun ang nangyari, di kumbinsido ang judge at fiscal na inatras na nga ang kaso, kaya itutuloy pa rin nila ito. the best niyan, kumbinsihin ang complainant na mag-appear sa sunod na hearing, kausapin niya yung fiscal na idismis na ang case, at humarap sa korte para patotohanan ang affidavit niya.

greetings mga sir..

 

tanong lng po.. sa road accidents. patay ang victim... once nakipag settle na and ngsign na ng affidavit of desistance ang wife ng victim which is the complainant din, and hindi na ngaattend ng hearing, hindi pa ba dismiss ang case pag ganon? in my friends case kasi, settled na and wala ng ngaattend sa mga complainant sa mga hearing and yet ung fiscal ng set pa ng hearing and pinapatawag pa ung mga pulis na ngrespond sa scene ng accident.. konting advise naman mga sir... Public attorney ang counsel nya kaya parang walang masyadong effort para madismiss ung case... salamat

1. Will it affect yung case namin though I have no plans of countering yung filing para lang mapabilis ang processing?

hindi naman. actually, the fact na may gf ka ngayon would show your infidelity, and would be an indicator of your psychological incapacity (kung ito ang gagamiting ground ng asawa mo in filing the petition.

2. Madedemanda ba ako pag nalaman na may gf ako?

oo. ito nga ang gagamitin na dahilan ng asawa mo sa pagfile ng declaration of nullity case nyo, di ba.

as for other cases, criminally, wala (unless hindi mo lang gf yan kundi ibinabahay mo na, in which case pwede kang makasuhan ng concubinage kung nagsasama na kayo bilang mag-asawa)

civilly, pwede magfile ang asawa mo ng legal separation, as infidelity is a ground for legal separation (pero bakit naman siya magfa-file nito, habang balak nga nyang magfile ng declaration of nullity of marriage)

Hi Sir,

 

Question lang po, I am separated with my wife now for 5years already and plan naming magpaannul within the year. Ang problem ko lang is my gf ako ngayon.

 

a. Will it affect yung case namin though I have no plans of countering yung filing para lang mapabilis ang processing?

b. Madedemanda ba ako pag nalaman na may gf ako?

 

Thank you in advance.

also, if the property is devoted ACTUALLY, DIRECTLY, AND EXCLUSIVELY for educational purposes (see Art. 234, Local Government Code)

make it involved into religious activities (such as chapel, recollection site) or into charitable activities (like hospicio de san jose)... it means that you have no gain (no income) from your properties.... :thumbsupsmiley:

you could demolish the improvement on the property. that lowers it value , ergo, lower property tax. :evil:

Unfortunately, there isn't any.

1. pwede ba natin kasuhan ng estafa un may ari ng remittance center dito sa Pilipinas, kasi isa naman siyang Pilipino.

unfortunately, no. sa batas kasi natin, kung saan ginawa yung krimen, dun dapat isampa. dahil sa Italy kinuha at ginastos ang pera, dun isasampa yung criminal case.

civil case, baka pwede dito. kaya lang, kailangan may ari-arian siya rito na mahahatak ninyo, otherwise, nagsasayang lang kayo ng pera kung wala din naman kayong makukuhang ipambabayad sa daños na maaring makuha nyo.

mas maige, i-follow-up ng mother mo yung kaso sa Italy

greetings sir..

 

I just want to inquire about a case of my mother who's working in Italy, nagdecide sya bumili ng bahay sa tagaytay area, yun broker is from Italy that time at un developer ay dito sa Manila. After several documentation, she decided to have a cash downpayment for the house and lot para mapabilis un bahay kasi uuwi sya ng pilipinas, this happened in Dec 2007. Sa Italy kasi, dami dun remittance center na pinagpapadalhan ng mga OFW para dito sa Pilipinas. What went wrong is that, nun time na magdeposit un mother ko ng DP, dun nya pinadala sa remittance center na kilala ng broker, pinareceive nya dun sa operations manager amounting to P550,000 plus kung iconvert sa Philippine money, with the broker as witness. Then umuwi un mother ko sa Pilipinas nun Dec 2007 after nya madeposit un pera. Unfortunately, habang andito sya sa Pilipinas, un developer dito is asking asan na un DP..ang sabi namin pinadala na namin, wala pa raw sila natatnaggap..after 2 months bumalik na sya ng Italy at nalaman nya na hindi pala niremit nun operations manager un pera at ginastos sa kanilang operation expenses...ang nalaman pa namin ay biglang tinanggal ng may ari ng remittance center un manager na pareho din Pilipino, at tinatanggi nya na wala silang nareceive na ganun amount...kumuha un mother ko ng lawyer dun at after several months of talks, napagkasunduan na lang na mgbabayad un remittance agency ng installment basis..first month is ok, pero habang the rest puro lang pangako according to the lawyer...Ang ginawa ng mother ko dinala nila sa court un case pero di nagprogress kasi me batas ang Italy na certain amount lang ang pwede dinggin ang kaso, i think 10,000 euro's up...kaya hangga ngaun wala pa rin kaming nakukuhang payment galing sa may ari ng remittance center..Tanong ko lang po, pwede ba natin kasuhan ng estafa un may ari ng remittance center dito sa Pilipinas, kasi isa naman siyang Pilipino. Until now, we are hardly get back the amount from them, pati un monthly payment namin dun sa bahay na pinapagawa namin ay nahinto. This is a hard eard money..Ano po kaya ang dapat namin gawin..please advise.

tanungin ang embassy ng bansang pag-mi-migrate-an nila kung ano ang acceptable na ebidensya na ang lalaki at babae ay "common law" partners. kahit ano pa ang sabihin natin dito, ang mananaig pa rin kasi ay kung ano ang gustong dokumento ng bansang pupuntahan nila. kung ano ang katanggap-tanggap sa kanila, yun ang ihanda nyo.

Tanong po sir:

Isang lalaki at babae na matagal nang nagsasama, may mga anak. Ang babae at mga anak ay gamit ang apelyido ng lalaki (siya ring biological father).

Mag-migrate po sa abroad as common law partners.

 

Anu-ano po ang mga dokumento o kasulatan na maaaring gawing katibayan na ang lalaki at babae ay "common law" partners?

 

Marami pong salamat.

1. bakit me mga cases na pwede "no appearance"?

(on the assumption that you are referring to declaration of nullity of marriage cases) bakit me graft and corruption sa mundo?

2. kung yung case mo eh with appearance pwede bang gawin na ring no appearance?

kung me sapat na pera ka at KUNG silang involved sa kaso mo corrupt (judge, fiscal, stenographer, etc.)

have yet to hear concretely though about a non-appearance declaration of nullity case (as in, ang naghain ng kaso ang di magpapakita sa korte. allowed naman kasi na yung inirereklamo ang di magpakita sa korte). i keep hearing rumors about this but have yet to talk to a colleague who has done so (kaya di ko masabi kung pwede ito o hindi).

questions mga sirs:

 

1. bakit me mga cases na pwede "no appearance"?

2. kung yung case mo eh with appearance pwede bang gawin na ring no appearance?

 

thanks....

ayun sa Local Government Code, ang kasunduan nyo ay kasing-bisa ng desisyon ng korte. Ayon sa Sec. 416:

SEC. 416. Effect of Amicable Settlement and Arbitration Award. - The amicable settlement and arbitration award shall have the force and effect of a final judgment of a court upon the expiration of ten (10) days from the date thereof, unless repudiation of the settlement has been made or a petition to nullify the award has been filed before the proper city or municipal court. xxx xxx xxx

at ayun na rin sa Sec. 417, trabaho ng barangay na ipatupad ang kasunduan nyo.

SEC. 417. Execution. - The amicable settlement or arbitration award may be enforced by execution by the lupon within six (6) months from the date of the settlement. After the lapse of such time, the settlement may be enforced by action in the appropriate city or municipal court.

therefore, dapat hilingin mo sa barangay na ipatupad ang kasunduan nyo kung hind ito sinusunod ng tenant nyo.

paano po pag may pinapaalis kaming tenant na di nagbabayad ng renta? Pero ayaw naman ng barangay kapitan mag issue ng CTA, dahil meron na daw kaming kasunduan sa Lupon.

 

Di naman tinutupad ng tenant ang kasunduan namin. Ano po pwedeng gawin? Salamat!

1. USA allows Divorce and since I am already an American citizen i can file for it, will my divorce papers w/c is filed here in the United states nullify/void my marriage in the Philippines?

yes. since you are already an American citizen, you will be governed by American law. since American law allows divorce, your divorce will be recognized and given effect here in the Phils.

2. after filing the paperwork here, can I legally marry here in the United States?

yes. if your divorce is valid in America, then American law gives you the right to marry again.

3. can my (ex)wife also legally marry in the Philippines?

yes. since you now have the capacity to marry again, to be fair, Phil. law (which still governs your wife) also gives your wife the capacity to marry again (see 2nd par., Art. 26, Family Code and Republic v. Orbecido, 472 SCRA 114).

4. do i still file for annulment sa Pinas even though hindi na ako residente ng Pilipinas (or even denounce my citizenship)?

no need anymore. cases decided by the Supreme Court say that your wife will only need to file a petition in court to prove that you are already a foreigner and that you obtained a valid divorce after you became a foreigner. yun ang sabi ng mga kaso, pero baka sakaling umepekto yung kumuha lang ang asawa mo ng certified true copy of your decree of divorce (authenticated by the Phil. consulate there in America) at ipresenta ito sa civil registrar if she wants to remarry again.

Question, What if I am a Philippine Citizen when I was married. Went to the US and filed for US citizenship. USA allows Divorce and since I am already an American citizen i can file for it, will my divorce papers w/c is filed here in the United states nullify/void my marriage in the Philippines? after filing the paperwork here, can I legally marry here in the United States? and can my (ex)wife also legally marry in the Philippines? or do i still file for annulment sa Pinas even though hindi na ako residente ng Pilipinas (or even denounce my citizenship)?

 

Salamat po!

kung wala naman siyang kasalanan, di lang procedure ang mali, yung termination niya mismo ang mali.

Note: procedure for termination requires two notices to be given to the employee: 1st notice - to explain why he should not be terminated; and 2nd notice - notice that he is terminated. but the more impt. thing is that there must be a ground for termination, kung walang basehan ang termination, di ito tama.

Also, you do not bring this to DOLE, but to the NLRC.

Parang pagrereklamo lang sa NLRC ang option na available sa yo ngayon. You can bring it to the media if you want though.

Employment concern po ito..

 

My sister was working from a Pakistani owned Company, recenty, she lost a substancial amount of personal money and the issue reached their top management. Without any investigation, my sister was fired as the management was told by someone that my sister is accusing a Pakistani as the culprit.

 

My sister told us that the management was forcing her to sign a resignation letter but she refused to sign because she did not resign her post, also, she was only offered a mere 10k amount as a separation pay since she stayed for only two years in that company.

 

Was the procedure correct? We are planning to escalate the matter to DOLE, as my sister is currently pregnant and there was no basis for firing my sister.

 

Is there any other measure we can do?

 

I would appreciate your assistance to my inquiry.

P.D. 1829

Sec. 1. The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period, or a fine ranging from 1,000 to 6,000 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any person who knowingly or willfully obstructs, impedes, frustrates or delays the apprehension of suspects and the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases by committing any of the following acts:

xxx xxx xxx

c. Harboring or concealing, or facilitating the escape of, any person he knows, or has reasonable ground to believe or suspect, has committed any offense under existing penal laws in order to prevent his arrest, prosecution and conviction.

Boss tanong ko lang. Yung recent na pagkahuli kay jason ivler. Yung nanay nya ba e talagang liable for obstruction? Di ba parang natural lang sa nanay yung protektahan yung anak? di ba sya exempted? Thanks

1. valid ba ang termination sa akin considering na walang due process na ginawa ang company?

assuming na may policy na pwedeng magpa-late kung nag-extend ka the day before, hindi ka tardy.

assuming na di mo function yung reporting, di mo rin kasalanan ito, kaya lumalabas walang ground to remove you at parang may scheme para di ka maging regular. ino ther words, di valid ang termination mo.

Ang problema mo, lumalabas na di ka na-terminate kundi nag-resign ka, dahil may resignation letter kang ginawa. dito ka mahihirapan.

2. Sa NLRC ba ako dapat dumeretso or dapat may abugado ako? Sinu-sino ang mga abugado na nagbibigay ng free legal service? Kailangan ko bang humingi ng abugado sa PAO o puntahan ko na lang ang Kilusang Mayo Uno para humingi ng payo?

kung desidido kang magreklamo, pwede ka nang dumeretso sa NLRc. Punta ka sa PPSTA Building sa Banawe (kung galing kang Welcome, kaliwa ka mula Quezon Ave, pangalawa o pangatlong gusali sa kanan, nag-iisa namang malaking gusali ito at maraming taong nakakumpol sa harapan). may libreng abugado run sa Public Assistance (1st floor sa kanan, magtanong sa sekyu, alam na nila yun) at magfi-fill-up ka lang ng form para sa reklamo mo, kaya di mo na kailangang pumunta sa kung kani-kanino pa (trabaho talaga ng mga abugado ng PAO na naka-assign sa NLRC na tumulong sa mga walk-in employees na nagrereklamo dun).

yun lang, alalahanin mo na ang pag-asenso ng kaso mo ay nakasalalay sa ebidensya mo. kung wala kang ebidensya kundi salita mo lamang, baka nagsasayang ka lang ng oras at pamasahe mo (at oras ng PAO).

3. Hanggang kailan ako pwedeng mag protest?

dahil ito ay injury sa karapatan mo, meron kang 4 years para mag-reklamo. again, the longer it takes to file a complaint, mas kumikintal sa isipan ng tao na wala kang basehan para magreklamo, kasi nagtagal bago ka pumingol.

hello lawyers! Labor Law inquiry po ito...

 

Na-regular napo ako sana yesterday (Friday) sa trabaho. Pero ang nangyari po, last Wednesday 4PM nagpatawag bigla ng meeting ang direct boss (manager) ko na kasama ang HR. Akala ko nung una, idi-discuss ang regularization ko. Yun pala ite-terminate ako effective Wednesday din 5PM. Ang grounds daw nila ay tardiness at incompetence.

 

May existing policy po ang company na kapag nag-extend ka in excess ng 5PM sa isang araw, pwede ka ma-late the following day provided hindi ka nagke-claim ng OT. Ganun po ang ginawa ko. Pero tardiness pa rin daw yun.

 

Related po yung incompetence sa extension ko. Ang trabaho ko po na naka-indicate sa contract ay mabilis ko na natatapos. Since ganun nga, feeling ng boss ko hindi sulit ang sweldo ko kaya dinagdagan niya ako ng reporting function na dapat ay trabaho naman niya in the 1st place. Hindi po ako bihasa sa function na ito kaya nagtatagal ako sa office na tipong nag-eextend ako at minsan kailangan ko pa bumalik sa office after ng night classes ko (hence the tardiness). "AdHoc Function" daw ito sabi ng animal kong boss kaya hindi daw siya pwede ireklamo.

 

So sabi sa akin ng HR after ng litanya ng boss ko, para daw hindi kahiya-hiya ang lumabas sa file ko, hihintayin daw nila ako na makagawa ng resignation letter effective that day. Since tuliro na ako at wala sa tamang kaisipan, ayun naman ako at gumawa agad ng resignation letter (dapat yata hindi ko ginawa ito)...

 

So, ang question ko po ngayon ay valid ba ang termination sa akin considering na walang due process na ginawa ang company? assuming na valid ang grounds for termination...

 

Sa NLRC ba ako dapat dumeretso or dapat may abugado ako? Hanggang kailan ako pwedeng mag protest?

 

Sinu-sino ang mga abugado na nagbibigay ng free legal service? Kailangan ko bang humingi ng abugado sa PAO o puntahan ko na lang ang Kilusang Mayo Uno para humingi ng payo?

 

Maraming salamat po sa lahat ng tulong niyo!

1) Assuming that the employer was able to prove the cause, can the employer terminate the employee immediately? Or does our law state that the employee must be given 30 days before effectivity of termination?

unless there is a period for termination to take effect provided for under company rules, the termination can take effect immediately (ex. attempt to k*ll the employer = serious misconduct. bibigyan mo pa ba ng 30 days yan kung ikaw ang employer?)

the important thing to remember that due process in termination cases requires that there be two notices - first notice - to explain why he should not be terminated; and second notice - informing him that his explanation is unacceptable.

also, kung talagang may ground to terminate, failure to give notice only justifies the award of damages to the employee for violation of his right to due process (it does not make the dismissal invalid, kasi nga may ground for dismissal). as far as i know, damages for dismissal without following the twin-notice rule is now pegged at P30,000.

2) Must the employer prove beyond reasonable doubt that the employee have committed any of the causes of Article 282? If the case is based only on prima facie and the employee is rebutting the accusations, does the employer still have the right to terminate the employee?

ang termination ng employee ay hindi criminal case, kundi administrative case lamang. sa criminal cases lang required ang "proof beyond reasonable dount." sa admin. cases ang requirement lamang ay "substantial evidence". kahit dine-deny ng employee, kung may substantial evidence naman laban sa kanya (defined as " such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion"), pwede siyang i-terminate.

3) Breach of the trust is, somehow, a relative term. How are employees protected from this clause? As a layman, an employer can simply say that they no longer trust the person and hence, have the right to terminate him/her?

depende sa pwesto ang breach of trust, kailangan nasa pwesto ka kung saan mayroong pagtitiwala at kumpiyansa sa iyo ang employer. manager ka, may trust and confidence ang pwestong yan. pero kung ikaw ay rank and file, wala namang halos trust and confidence diyan kaya mahirap i-invoke ang ground na ito. example ng mga pwesto na may trust and confidence ay cashier, teller, security guard, manager, salesman, etc.

tapos, kailangan me basehan din yung pagkawala ng tiwala ng employer sa empleyado. di pwede yung sasabihin lang nila na di na sila nagtitiwala sa empleyado. kailangan patunayan nila (thru substantive evidence) na may pangyayari na nagbunsod sa pagkawala ng tiwala nila sa empleyado. otherwise, illegal dismissal yan

Hello Gurus,

 

According to Article 282 of the Labor Code, an employer may terminate an employment for any of the following causes:

 

(a) Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or representative in connection with his work;

( Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties;

© Fraud or willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by his employer or duly authorized representative;

(d) Commission of a crime or offense by the employee against the person of his employer or any immediate member of his family or his duly authorized representatives; and

(e) Other causes analogous to the foregoing.

 

Questions:

1) Assuming that the employer was able to prove the cause, can the employer terminate the employee immediately? Or does our law state that the employee must be given 30 days before effectivity of termination?

2) Must the employer prove beyond reasonable doubt that the employee have committed any of the causes of Article 282? If the case is based only on prima facie and the employee is rebutting the accusations, does the employer still have the right to terminate the employee?

3) Breach of the trust is, somehow, a relative term. How are employees protected from this clause? As a layman, an employer can simply say that they no longer trust the person and hence, have the right to terminate him/her?

yan ang kalokohan! possible damage to the company IN THE FUTURE is speculative. Walang basehan to hold you liable, more so in this case, na wala nang possibility of future damage to the company dahil nakuha na nila yung document.

as for negligence, kung duty mo to get rid of the documents, baka sakali may liability ka (inamin mo na rin kasi na negligent ka kaya mahirap bawiin ito), altho kung di mo inamin at wala namang duty on your part to get rid of documents, pwede sanang ilaban yan. as it is, based on the rules, baka ma-suspend ka nga. anything more than that can be questioned by you.

Okay thanks sir. I won't dwell on that matter then. So here's where we are at: It seems like they are focusing on the basis that I may use them in the future. Can they terminate someone based on assumption that I may use them in the future? I already admitted to negligence as to why I haven't thrown away those documents, and negligence = suspension, based on company rules.

mukhang mahihirapan kang iinvoke ang rule na ito kasi, as worded, it seems to apply to an employee acting "without authority" FROM THE COMPANY. Siyempre, sasabihin nila na authorized sila by the management to get the files. Note also that the files belong to the company, not to you. Lumalabas na di na-violate yang rule na yan kaya mahihirapan ka talagang iinvoke ang "right to privacy" mo.

Sir, ito yung rule that i feel was violated. "Opening of company proprietary, confidential documents and/or personal documents or property belonging to another employee, e.g. pay slips, bills, personal mails, PA’s, disciplinary action records, without authority"....

 

Eto kasi nangyari, I was being asked for documents so I provided my manager those documents, when i left the office, they needed more so they took files from me without informing me or without my authorization. They said that they did that because I was being randomly audited, does that mean that there was an intent to find secrets when they took files from me? thanks sir.

what company rule guarantees your right to privacy? how is this worded?

as it stands kasi, kung wala namang company rule saying that company file cabinets being used by employees cannot be searched by the company, your alleged "right to privacy" would depend on the Constitutional guarantee against unreasonable search and seizure as well as the privacy of communication and correspondence. kaugnay dito, sabi ng Korte Suprema sa Waterous Drug v. NLRC (280 SCRA 735 - labor case kung saan binuksan at tiningnan ang isang sulat na naka-address sa empleyado), na ang garantiyang ito ay nag-aaplay lang sa pamahalaan. In other words, ang kumpanya mo ay hindi nasasakop ng pagbabawal na ito. In fact, an employer, being the owner of the filing cabinets and other facilities in the workplace, has the exclusive right over these facilities and equipment, including the right to regulate their use (to include inspecting their contents).

note, however, that although they may not be held liable for violating your "right to privacy" under the Constitution, baka criminal or civil offense ito (ang pinaka-applicable na criminal offense ay Art. 390. Revised Penal Code, pero baka mahirapan kang patunayan ito kasi kailangan may intent to discover secrets dito. Sa civil naman, violation ng Art. 26, kaya lang sabi ko nga, may karapatan ang employer to regulate the use of file cabinets ng opisina kaya baka mahirapan ka ring ipanalo ito).

in conclusion, ang pag-asa mo na lamang ay kung may company rule on right to privacy at ito ay mas matimbang kesa sa violation mo. dun mo maaring i-invoke ang right to privacy mo. kung wala, me problema ka talaga.

moral lesson: wag magtago ng kung ano-anong bagay na maaring makasama sa iyo sa mata ng iyong employer sa opisina. also, wag gagamit ng company email sa mga bagay na ayaw mong malaman ng kumpanya, look at miguel1969's friend who used company e-mail in committing an act contrary to company policy, ayun, huling-dakip!

*mga sirs: tulong naman...

 

My employer is about to terminate me because they found a signed blank document in my file cabinet. It's a long story why I had that document. But they only found out about it because they broke my right to privacy and searched my file cabinet without my permission and knowledge. is it a valid grounds for termination? even if they broke another company rule(right to privacy) in order to question my integrity? please advice... thanks.

Who Are The Individuals Required To File Income Tax Returns:

* Resident citizens receiving income from sources within or outside the Philippines

- individuals deriving compensation income from 2 or more employers, concurrently or successively at anytime during the taxable year

- employees deriving compensation income regardless of the amount, whether from a single or several employers during the calendar year, the income tax of which has not been withheld correctly (i.e. tax due is not equal to the tax withheld) resulting to collectible or refundable return

- employees whose monthly gross compensation income does not exceed P5,000 or the statutory minimum wage, whichever is higher, and opted for non-withholding of tax on said income

- individuals deriving other non-business, non-professional related income in addition to compensation income not otherwise subject to a final tax

- individuals receiving purely compensation income from a single employer, although the income of which has been correctly withheld, but whose spouse is not entitled to substituted filing

kung wala siya dito, di siya kailangan magfile ng ITR. Note that for the exception that you mention (yung mababa lang ang sweldo), ang tinitingnan hindi kung magkano ang kinita mo buong taon kundi ang "monthly income" mo. kung ito ay P5,000 or less in a month or below the statutory minimum wage in a month, di na niya kailangan magfile ng ITR.

kung malaman ng BIR na di siya nagfile, nasa BIR kung ano ang ifa-file nila (kung meron man) laban sa kaibigan mo. kaya nga sabi ko PWEDENG tax evasion ang kaso (kasi nga iligal ang di pagfile ng ITR at ang tax evasion ay iligal na pamamaraan na pagpababa ng bayaring buwis), maari din naman na ang habulin lang nila ay ang non-filing of ITR (sa dami din naman ng taxpayer, baka nga di na mapansin yan).

Ganun ba total of 6 months siya nagwork dun tapos wala na siyang work after that at ang alam ko may exception sa income tax kapag below something yun income mo. Siguro ang magiging kaso lang kung sakali ay hindi siya nagfile ng papers and not tax evasion. :goatee:

kung ganun pala ang kaso, pwede. di naman dependent sa abandonment case yung magiging desisyon sa annulment case.

child abandonment yata yun, ndi ko na masyado maalala. tingin ko din eh civil case. ang hinihingi nila yata nung time na yun eh child support.

 

kaya ang tanong kung pwede ako mag-proceed with the annullment kahit may case of abandonment?

 

salamat

ilan taon naman yung partner mo noon? kung below 18 siya nun, OK lang, madali pa ring ipawalang-bisa ang kasal nyo dahil under-age yung kabilang partido.

ang problema mo ay kung pareho na kayong 18 nung ikinasal kayo, most probably psychological incapacity ang gagamitin nyong ground, yun ang mga 200k ang magagastos mo.

Tiningnan ko po uli ang petsa ng una kong kasal, ito ay tatlong (3) buwan makalipas ang aking ika 18 birthday. Ano po ngayon ang maaari kong gamiting ground para sa annulment?

 

Nakita ko po sa kabilang thread na ang annulment ay aabot ng 100 hanggang 200k. Sa kaso ko po, aabot din po ba ng ganito kalaki?

pwede.

Tax evasion may be defined as the act of reducing taxes by illegal or fraudulent means. Common practices of Tax evasion include:

under-reporting of income, over-statement of expenses, use of fictitious receipts, the keeping of double sets of books, false or fictitious entries in books, fictitious transactions in the name of dummies, non-recording of sales, and others.

Tax avoidance, on the other hand, involves the legal re-arrangements of one's economic activities in order to lower the tax liability. This is done by moving capital or labor to areas, geographical or otherwise, where tax rates are lower and/or by manipulating the tax parameters through the legal means to spread or defer the tax liability over time thereby effectively reducing the tax rate.

kung required siya sa ilalim ng batas na mag-file ng income tax return, at di siya nag-file, ito ay ilegal kung kaya't maari nating sabihin na ito ay tax evasion.

Note: kung nag-withhold naman ang employer niya ng tamang halaga ng income tax mula sa commission niya, mukhang walang tax evasion dun, dahil di na siya required mag-file ng ITR

I have a question. My friend had a job in a commission basis earning less than 10k a month and he didn't file for an income tax. He only stayed less than 8 months. Can that be consider as tax evasion? Thanks

case of abandonment? ano ba ito, civil or criminal case? if civil, for what purpose? (in other words, ano ang hinihinging ayuda ng asawa mo mula sa korte sa kaso na yun? para ihiwalay ang ari-arian nyo? para ideklarang siya ang administrador ng ari-arian nyo? etc.)

eto po case ko, sana matulungan nyo ko...

 

7 years ng hiwalay

 

7 yrs ago, nagfile wife ko ng case of abandonment kaya ndi natuloy filing ko ng annulment. nasa archive na raw ang case ko.

 

sabi ng ibang lawyer na nakukuha for the annullment, ok lang daw to proceed even ndi pa close ang abandonment case, pero sabi naman ng ibang lawyer, kailangan maclear muna yung abandonment bago yung filing ko ng annulment.

 

thanks in advance sa opinion po ninyo